PROCEDURE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF LATEX FROM WATER USED FOR WASHING AND POST-HARVEST PROCESSES OF BAN

专利摘要:
Procedure for the removal of latex from the waters used for washing and post-harvest processes of plantain and banana, which includes the uninterrupted application of O3 (tri oxygen), with a purity of over 90%, in the residual water of the post harvest processes of the banana fruit and the banana that contains the latex in addition to the remains of the crowns, and other substances. The applied O3 is obtained from the environment using an O2 concentrator, producing high purity oxygen. The O3 obtained from the environment by means of the O2 concentrator, is applied to the water injected by means of the O3 generator. For this application, the accumulation of wastewater is carried out in a tank where the O3 is applied, through Venturi, without interruption. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
公开号:ES2749390A1
申请号:ES201830903
申请日:2018-09-20
公开日:2020-03-20
发明作者:Deniz Vicente Gonzalez
申请人:FLUICAN S L；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001]
[0002] PROCEDURE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF LATEX FROM WATER USED FOR WASHING AND POST-HARVEST PROCESSES OF BANANA AND BANANA
[0003]
[0004] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
[0005]
[0006] The invention, as expressed in the statement of this specification, refers to a procedure for the removal of latex from the waters used for washing and post-harvest processes of plantain and banana, which is a remarkable novelty for the current state of the art.
[0007]
[0008] More in particular, the object of the invention focuses on a procedure for the elimination of latex, together with the degradation of other elements, which are found in cleaning waters and post-harvest processes of plantain and banana, by reducing of solids in suspension, the reduction of the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and the reduction of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), through the application of O3 (ozone), in order to ensure that said water is suitable for its discharge.
[0009]
[0010] FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION
[0011]
[0012] The field of application of the present invention is framed within the agriculture sector, encompassing at the same time the field of water treatment processes.
[0013]
[0014] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0015]
[0016] The main post-harvest disease in bananas is known as crown rot . This disease begins with a softening of the superficial tissues in the remains of the spine and in the crown or bearing that acquires a dark brown or black color. The damage can progress to affect the pedicels and even the individual fingers in the most severe cases. In the cut of the crown surface, a whitish, grayish or pink colored myelial felt or layer develops. Mycelium and rot spoil the fresh, clean appearance of fruit ripening. In severe cases, the rot penetrates deep into the fingers, which can become detached from the crown and reach the pulp, losing the entire fruit.
[0017]
[0018] This disease differs from the rest of post-harvest diseases in that its causal agent is made up of a set or complex of fungal species classified as "wounded or weak", with little parasitic capacity since they are incapable of producing a disease by themselves. To initiate the attack, they need the route of entry that represents the wounds and damage to the skin of the fruits and the crown of the hands, as well as environmental conditions conducive to their development.They are generally fungal species that are part of the micro crop flora These species vary significantly due to the zonal and seasonal influence.
[0019]
[0020] Water is an essential component for life, which must be preserved. Banana and banana, they need it for their growth and for their post-harvest treatment. The washing of the fruit affects the quality of the water: the latex, the pieces of crown, the fungicides, are the main elements that affect this quality of the water.
[0021]
[0022] Water is a limited resource and, therefore, one of the objectives of the present invention is to collaborate to help conserve this, increasingly scarce, through the procedure it discloses.
[0023]
[0024] The contamination of the water in the banana and banana growing areas is also due to the final use of the solid residues from the washing of the fruit that will go directly to the water without any treatment.
[0025]
[0026] The presence of sediments in suspension in the water facilitates the mobilization of pollutants, these being the main vehicle for mobilization, so that they can reach great distances. Pesticides and fungicides that constitute a serious danger to drinking and irrigation water are transported by suspended solids, thus contaminating the areas through which they pass.
[0027]
[0028] In such a way that the banana and banana zones of the planet are contaminated by solid residues of up to 247 tons of oxygen (BOD), in banana zones, for example, and up to 680 tons of total suspended solids (TSS), per year.
[0029] The importance of suspended solids to calibrate the water contamination index.
[0030]
[0031] BOD and COD are two parameters of a water that allow us to know the amount of organic matter in it.
[0032]
[0033] The Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is the amount of oxygen that microorganisms need to totally degrade the biodegradable organic matter found in the sample.
[0034]
[0035] The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is the amount of oxygen necessary to chemically oxidize (generally with potassium permanganate or with potassium dichromate in acidic medium) all the organic matter that can be found in the sample. From this we deduce that the COD is always greater, or at least equal, than the BOD.
[0036]
[0037] BOD and COD are two very important parameters when it comes to characterizing a water, not only for human consumption, but also when it comes to discharging, since we could alter the ecosystem where the water is carried out in a very important way. discharge (river, sea, etc.)
[0038]
[0039] To reduce the BOD and COD value of a stream, different treatments can be applied, the most important being biological treatments.
[0040]
[0041] Biological oxygen demand or biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a parameter that measures the amount of dioxygen consumed by degrading organic matter in a liquid sample.
[0042]
[0043] It is the material that can be consumed or oxidized by biological means that contains a liquid, dissolved or suspension sample. It is used to measure the degree of contamination; it is normally measured after five days of reaction (BOD5) and is expressed in milligrams of biatomic oxygen per liter (mg O2 / l).
[0044]
[0045] The test method is based on measuring the dioxygen consumed by a microbial population under conditions in which the photosynthetic processes of Dioxygen production under conditions that favor the development of microorganisms. The dioxygen consumption curve is usually weak at first and then rises rapidly to a sustained maximum, under the action of the logarithmic phase of growth of the microorganisms.
[0046]
[0047] It is a method applicable in continental waters (rivers, lakes or aquifers), sewage, rainwater or water from any other source that may contain an appreciable amount of organic matter. This test is very useful for evaluating the operation of the treatment plants.
[0048]
[0049] COD is "the amount of oxygen needed to oxidize organic matter by chemical means and convert it to carbon dioxide and water."
[0050]
[0051] The higher the COD, the more polluting the sample is.
[0052]
[0053] The objective of the tests has been to look for the reduction of the SST (Total Suspended Solids) trying to decrease the BOD5:
[0054]
[0055] - The amount of oxygen that the microorganisms, especially bacteria (aerobic or anaerobic optional: Pseudomonas, Eschericias, Aerobater and Bacilus), fungi and plankton, consume during the degradation of substances contained in the sample. BOD is used to measure the degree of contamination and is expressed in milligrams of diatomic oxygen per liter (mgO2 / l), this analysis is carried out for 5 days and at 20 ° C.
[0056]
[0057] The higher the contamination, the higher the BOD.
[0058]
[0059] The BOD provides only a rough measure of the biodegradable organic matter present in the wastewater.
[0060]
[0061] • Pure water............................................... ............ 0 - 20 mg / lt
[0062] • Slightly Contaminated Water ...................... 20 - 100 mg / lt
[0063] • Moderately Contaminated Water ............... 100 - 500 mg / lt
[0064] • Highly Contaminated Water ............................ 500 - 3000 mg / lt
[0065] • Extremely Contaminated Water .... 3000 - 15000 mg / lt
[0066] The relationship between BOD5 and COD gives an idea of the level of water contamination. (BOD5 / COD)
[0067] • If the ratio (BOD5 / COD) <0.2 then we are talking about discharges of an industrial nature, not very biodegradable and physical-chemical treatments are convenient.
[0068]
[0069] • If the ratio (BOD5 / COD)> 0.5 then we are talking about discharges of an urban nature, or classifiable as urban and all the more biodegradable, as that ratio increases. These residual waters can be treated through biological treatments.
[0070]
[0071] Well, in the field of plantain and banana crops, in the modality that is marketed by hands and in bulk, the fruits are cut or detached from the crown leaving a 2.5cm peduncle and avoiding breaks or mistreatment in the neck or point of union to the finger and, if it is in fingers, these come off leaving them more or less 3 cm long, from the peduncle to the part where the pulp begins. The fruit thus prepared is immersed in a solution of water and alum stone at 0.5 % for a time of 5-10 minutes so that the latex precipitates and does not cause stains that give poor presentation to the fingers, this solution also serves as a healing agent in the areas where cuts have been made. Finally, a specific fungicide is applied that prevents the development of fungi during transport and storage. The most widely used are Tiabendazol and Imazalil.
[0072]
[0073] The main problem is that, precisely, the latex, which is produced by separating the handles or even the fingers of the fruit, helping to heal, prevents being able to attack fungicides correctly for their degradation, so that, while there is latex in water cannot reduce the level of fungicides and pesticides, also latex clogs and blocks any type of filter that is placed, therefore it prevents making the water suitable so that it can be poured in compliance with current legislation in the wastewater chapter.
[0074]
[0075] The main objective of the procedure object of the invention is, therefore, the elimination of said latex from the waters used for said post harvest processes of plantain and banana.
[0076]
[0077] On the other hand, and as a reference to the current state of the art, it should be noted that, at least on the part of the applicant, the existence of any other similar application procedure is unknown, which has technical characteristics, the same or similar to those presented by the one claimed here.
[0078]
[0079] EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
[0080]
[0081] The procedure for the removal of latex from the waters used for washing and post-harvest processes of plantain and banana that the invention proposes is configured, therefore, as a novelty within its field of application, with the characterizing details that distinguish it , conveniently included in the final claims that accompany the present description.
[0082]
[0083] Specifically, the procedure proposed by the invention, as previously stated, aims to eliminate latex, along with the degradation of other harmful elements such as pesticides and fungicides, from cleaning waters and post-harvest processes of plantain and banana, by reducing total suspended solids (TSS), reducing biological oxygen demand (BOD) and reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD).
[0084]
[0085] The objective of the reduction of the SST acting on the BOD and the COD is to be able to reduce to the maximum the elements that prevent the degradation of pesticides and fungicides, mainly latex.
[0086]
[0087] Latex, as has been said, has until now made the treatment of water purification extremely difficult. Its consistency, its ability to dissolve in water and reintegrate, its ability to block filters has prevented effective reaching of pesticides and fungicides to keep them at levels that can allow the discharge of water from fruit processing in post harvest without polluting the environment.
[0088]
[0089] For this, and specifically, the procedure essentially involves the uninterrupted application of O3 (tri-oxygen), with a purity greater than 90%, in the residual water of the post-harvest processes of banana and banana fruit. It contains the latex and in addition to the remains of the crowns, fungicides and pesticides.
[0090] Preferably, the applied O3 is obtained from the environment through an O2 concentrator, producing high purity oxygen.
[0091]
[0092] Preferably, the O3 obtained from the environment through an O2 concentrator, is applied to the water by injecting it through an O3 generator and through Venturi.
[0093]
[0094] In any case, for said application, preferably, the accumulation of wastewater is carried out in a tank where this O3 is applied continuously.
[0095]
[0096] The tank capacity, amount of O3 and application time depend on the volume of water to be treated.
[0097]
[0098] This process produces a clarified broth free of a large amount of SST. This reduction in total suspended solids, especially latex, later makes it possible to attack suspended pesticides and fungicides until reaching the parameters that allow the safe discharge of wastewater, including, optionally, its reuse in in which case, the water savings (300 liters per day in each packing machine - in the Canary Islands there may be more than 50) can be considerable and the damage to the environment is reduced to zero.
[0099]
[0100] The analyzes carried out on the sample obtained provide outstanding results:
[0101]
[0102] - BOD5: <20 mg / lt. Which falls under the category of "pure water".
[0103] - COD: 18 mg / lt. The reference value is 160 mg / lt.
[0104] - The ratio between BOD5 and DBQ is 1.1. Therefore they are waters that can be treated with biological elements and in a simple way since they exceed 0.5 mg / lt.
[0105] - The total solid TSS in suspension were <10 mg / lt, with the reference value being 30 mg / lt.
[0106] - The levels of IMAZALIL and TIABENDAZOL have been found to be 0.01 mg / lt in both cases, below the reference value of 0.05 mg / lt.
[0107]
[0108] The procedure is completely innovative in the processing of banana and banana fruit. No chemical compound is used for the reduction of TSS, the method It is totally clean, and most importantly, it achieves, for the first time in history, the total degradation of latex, which is its main objective.
[0109]
[0110] Additionally, it also reduces to levels well below those allowed, the levels of pesticides and fungicides such as IMAZALIL and TIABENDAZOL, the most commonly used to attack crown rot.
[0111]
[0112] Once the nature of the present invention has been described, as well as the way to put it into practice, it is not considered necessary to make its explanation more extensive so that any expert in the field understands its scope and the advantages derived from it, stating that: within its essentiality, it may be put into practice in other forms of embodiment that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and which will also achieve the protection that is provided provided that its fundamental principle is not altered, changed or modified .

权利要求:
Claims (4)
[1]
1.- PROCEDURE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF LATEX FROM WATER USED FOR WASHING AND POST-HARVEST PROCESSES OF BANANA AND BANANA
characterized by understanding the uninterrupted application of O3 (tri oxygen), with a purity greater than 90%, in the residual water of said processes.
[2]
2.- PROCEDURE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF LATEX FROM WATER USED FOR WASHING AND POST-HARVEST PROCESSES OF BANANA AND BANANA, according to claim 1, characterized in that the O3 that is applied is obtained from the environment by means of an O2 concentrator.
[3]
3.- PROCEDURE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF LATEX FROM WATERS USED FOR WASHING AND POST-HARVEST PROCESSES OF BANANA AND BANANA, according to claim 2, characterized in that the O3 obtained from the environment by means of an O2 concentrator, is applied to the injected water using an O3 generator using Venturi.
[4]
4.- PROCEDURE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF LATEX FROM WATERS USED FOR WASHING AND POST-HARVEST PROCESSES OF BANANA AND BANANA, according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that for the application of O3, the accumulation of the wastewater in a tank where said O3 is applied continuously.

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ES201830903A|ES2749390B2|2018-09-20|2018-09-20|PROCEDURE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF LATEX FROM THE WATER USED FOR THE WASHING AND POST-HARVEST PROCESSES OF BANANA AND BANANA|ES201830903A| ES2749390B2|2018-09-20|2018-09-20|PROCEDURE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF LATEX FROM THE WATER USED FOR THE WASHING AND POST-HARVEST PROCESSES OF BANANA AND BANANA|